Batik Clothes – Historic Javanese Cloth With Lovely Motif Options And Perceptions

Batik Clothes – Historic Javanese Cloth With Lovely Motif Options And Perceptions

Today, tourism industry will increase in vital progress as a end result of folks’s curiosity of tourism journey develops as well. The scope of tourism curiosity are additionally numerous from natural journey to cultural journey. Indonesia is considered one of a quantity of Southeast Asian nations which supply both natural tourism plus cultural tourism. It’s because Indonesia has quite a few engaging and engaging pure tourism locations reminiscent of seashores, mountains, forests, caves, and different else. Equally, Indonesia additionally has numerous cultural tourism locations like palace, conventional home of every tribe, conventional dancing performance, art products, and different else. Within the area of art merchandise, Batik is one in each of some outstanding ones not only in Indonesia but also in the world. The introduction of batik is absolutely high in sure cities of Indonesia resembling Jogjakarta, Surakarta, and Central Java. That’s exactly why you ought to have an ease to find batik shops and batik manufacturer.Just like different Indonesia art products, batik consists of quite a few motive choices. It is presumably as a end result of batik of Indonesia comes from diverse space and every space put typical and special motive to accentuate town characteristic. Batik has particular relationship with several Indonesians especially Javanese. It’s because for Javanese folks, motive pattern on batik clothes can show the society rank of someone. In line with that, batik is separated primarily based on the use. One class of batik is used for sultan and household as well as aristocrats yet another class is use for basic individuals outdoors of palace. Interestingly, Javanese folks also consider that batik decide the fortune of someone. It means that sure batik motives will convey a luck or fortune, however the others will ward of in poor health fortune. These kinds of perceptions or beliefs have been regarded amongst Javanese individuals as a part of ingrained value. So, choosing appropriate and applicable batik in the time period of sample and luck may be one sophisticated thing.Within the area of pattern, batik is differentiated into 2 classifications, they are batik with geometric motif and Batik with free kind designs. The use of motif and shade in batik will seemingly be affected by the city where it’s created. As an illustration, Batik of Central Java and Jogjakarta has conventional motif and impartial colours similar to gentle brown and darkish brown. However, West Java cities reminiscent of Cirebon and Pekalongan has motif and shade that are affected with Chinese language tradition so it has extra intricate flowers, birds, and leafs motifs and brighter colors. Apart from, there are three basic motifs you’re going to get while you purchase batik they are kawung, ceplok, and parang. Kawung is batik pattern which consists of intersecting circle. The sample is sometimes furnished with intersecting strains and dots. Ceplok is batik sample which consists of geometrical shape within the type of square, circle, star, and other else. And parang is the pattern of slanting row of knife for royal family. By searching at the numerous patterns and notion of it, you’ll have the ability to select appropriate pakaian batik and kaos batik(Indonesian) for you.

Twitter

Creators_Lounge Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:04 +0000
Thank you SNAP Downtown Toronto for listing our event on May 23rd!! http://t.co/5zpVJCJdv5 @SNAPDowntownTO #Art #Toronto #Creator #Japan
Lavistyle_ Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:04 +0000
"Let me put you up on this Art shit."
Botman_98 Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:04 +0000
Siiipp ;) RT @Balistik_Art: @Botman_98 Makasih wal :D"
muchrijifauzi Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:04 +0000
ART PHOTO STUDIO: https://t.co/8jlG0e3gnU http://t.co/FzRVZ10duf
ImSuperDope_ Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:03 +0000
@VoicesInPower Open Mic is EVERY 1st & 3rd Sunday. HeadHouse Lounge. 122 Lombard. $5. 6:30-10pm. Food. Drinks. Vendors. Live Art.
xusie_art Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:03 +0000
Long lost art is found wearing a price tag – Kansas City Star http://t.co/ODxELx2x6z
KosmosMachu Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:03 +0000
Aldo Bonadei - Mark Swiiter - Modern Art - Brazil http://t.co/CqWWpR4YnM
xusie_art Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:03 +0000
East Lansing Art Festival offers unique finds for community – Lansing State Journal http://t.co/koYSjX9RZC
jasssondurant Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:02 +0000
RT @CauseWereGuys: Trying to master the art of getting to know a girl without falling deep into the friend zone because you think you might like her..
xusie_art Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:02 +0000
First look: A Chinese art-house director goes for blood – Salon http://t.co/pZuDFHzBw9
AmandaBella0911 Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:02 +0000
RT @dinda_barrista: #mymodelmorning @Art_Pornography @Fotografer_A @sexiolita @AmandaBella0911 @bellacantika21 @ho_moda1 @Dessi_Kurnia13 http://t.co/ZQ7sqkFmOn
SmoovKris Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:02 +0000
Had a blast at the Happening on the Common. What diversity with art forms this year! I was exhausted. Thanks for keeping me alert!!
MadeByTheHearth Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:01 +0000
#Inspirational #Quotes on #Canvas #Life #Quote https://t.co/CoRzK1Tinp #Caterpillar #Butterfly #Hope #Faith
KiefferjttChina Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:01 +0000
I understand art students are a bit thick when it comes to doing normal things, but is this totally necessary? This guy is doing my head in!
Craft_Parade Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:00 +0000
Top story: You are never too old to dance! http://t.co/RncaPLnwMt, see more http://t.co/GQAPbfhfxp

Blogs

Kanye West Premieres New Single With PERFORMANCE ART ...
Check out Kanye West's new single, ”New Slaves,” which he projected onto 66 buildings across the world last night HERE!
World Nomads Tunisia: FIAF's Biennial Celebration Highlights The ...
For the fifth edition of the festival, the French Institute Alliance Française (FIAF) is hosting a month-long bevy of multi-media events in New York dedicated to the art, music, dance and theater of the North African state. From the ...
Studying the art of pitch framing by catchers such as Francisco ...
Trying to turn balls into strikes isn't new, but the catchers who do it well may soon be more prized than ever.
The Art of Repetition - NYTimes.com
What I learned about being a writer from composing thank-you notes.

Videos

Facebook

Pedicure Parties By Jamie
Cynthia Xu
Miami Emerging Museum Professionals

www.miamiherald.com
art 's link
An anonymous donor has given $12 million in cash and more than $3 million worth of art to the future Pérez Art Museum Miami.
Rex Rogers
Nicole Haskins
Collar Works


art 's link

Jairo Almeida
Jairo Almeida shared Sony's photo.

art 's image link
Nataša Džankić
Red Remote
Minister L.A.
Minister L.A. shared Karama Sadaka Photography's photo.

art 's image link
Faatymah Kitt Artist
Kyle Reynolds / KRNaturalPhoto
The Munchie Machine!
Ashley Clark Welborn
Ashley Clark Welborn shared Crazy Facts's photo.

art 's image link
Joffre Fleiuss

extra.globo.com
art 's link
A cena aconteceu, com várias testemunhas, no corredor dos estúdios de "Salve Jorge". Uma repórter do "Video show" abordou Rodrigo Lombardi para gravar um...

Batik Clothes – Historic Javanese Cloth With Lovely Motif Options And Perceptions

 

Today, tourism industry will increase in vital progress as a end result of folks’s curiosity of tourism journey develops as well. The scope of tourism curiosity are additionally numerous from natural journey to cultural journey. Indonesia is considered one of a quantity of Southeast Asian nations which supply both natural tourism plus cultural tourism. It’s because Indonesia has quite a few engaging and engaging pure tourism locations reminiscent of seashores, mountains, forests, caves, and different else. Equally, Indonesia additionally has numerous cultural tourism locations like palace, conventional home of every tribe, conventional dancing performance, art products, and different else. Within the area of art merchandise, Batik is one in each of some outstanding ones not only in Indonesia but also in the world. The introduction of batik is absolutely high in sure cities of Indonesia resembling Jogjakarta, Surakarta, and Central Java. That’s exactly why you ought to have an ease to find batik shops and batik manufacturer.Just like different Indonesia art products, batik consists of quite a few motive choices. It is presumably as a end result of batik of Indonesia comes from diverse space and every space put typical and special motive to accentuate town characteristic. Batik has particular relationship with several Indonesians especially Javanese. It’s because for Javanese folks, motive pattern on batik clothes can show the society rank of someone. In line with that, batik is separated primarily based on the use. One class of batik is used for sultan and household as well as aristocrats yet another class is use for basic individuals outdoors of palace. Interestingly, Javanese folks also consider that batik decide the fortune of someone. It means that sure batik motives will convey a luck or fortune, however the others will ward of in poor health fortune. These kinds of perceptions or beliefs have been regarded amongst Javanese individuals as a part of ingrained value. So, choosing appropriate and applicable batik in the time period of sample and luck may be one sophisticated thing.Within the area of pattern, batik is differentiated into 2 classifications, they are batik with geometric motif and Batik with free kind designs. The use of motif and shade in batik will seemingly be affected by the city where it’s created. As an illustration, Batik of Central Java and Jogjakarta has conventional motif and impartial colours similar to gentle brown and darkish brown. However, West Java cities reminiscent of Cirebon and Pekalongan has motif and shade that are affected with Chinese language tradition so it has extra intricate flowers, birds, and leafs motifs and brighter colors. Apart from, there are three basic motifs you’re going to get while you purchase batik they are kawung, ceplok, and parang. Kawung is batik pattern which consists of intersecting circle. The sample is sometimes furnished with intersecting strains and dots. Ceplok is batik sample which consists of geometrical shape within the type of square, circle, star, and other else. And parang is the pattern of slanting row of knife for royal family. By searching at the numerous patterns and notion of it, you’ll have the ability to select appropriate pakaian batik and kaos batik(Indonesian) for you.

Twitter

YeuxBruns__x Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:05 +0000
le debo un fan art de kai a la kote, lo haré . algún día.
art_bomb Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:05 +0000
日本の接客業の、上の方のレベルは世界でもトップクラス。古くからある日本的な店、分かりやすく言えば和食の店や旅館とか、そういう所の接客レベルは高い。「おもてなし」なんていう英訳が難しいニュアンスの言葉からも日本の接客への高い意識が垣間見れる。
Creators_Lounge Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:04 +0000
Thank you SNAP Downtown Toronto for listing our event on May 23rd!! http://t.co/5zpVJCJdv5 @SNAPDowntownTO #Art #Toronto #Creator #Japan
Lavistyle_ Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:04 +0000
"Let me put you up on this Art shit."
Botman_98 Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:04 +0000
Siiipp ;) RT @Balistik_Art: @Botman_98 Makasih wal :D"
muchrijifauzi Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:04 +0000
ART PHOTO STUDIO: https://t.co/8jlG0e3gnU http://t.co/FzRVZ10duf
ImSuperDope_ Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:03 +0000
@VoicesInPower Open Mic is EVERY 1st & 3rd Sunday. HeadHouse Lounge. 122 Lombard. $5. 6:30-10pm. Food. Drinks. Vendors. Live Art.
xusie_art Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:03 +0000
Long lost art is found wearing a price tag – Kansas City Star http://t.co/ODxELx2x6z
KosmosMachu Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:03 +0000
Aldo Bonadei - Mark Swiiter - Modern Art - Brazil http://t.co/CqWWpR4YnM
xusie_art Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:03 +0000
East Lansing Art Festival offers unique finds for community – Lansing State Journal http://t.co/koYSjX9RZC
jasssondurant Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:02 +0000
RT @CauseWereGuys: Trying to master the art of getting to know a girl without falling deep into the friend zone because you think you might like her..
xusie_art Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:02 +0000
First look: A Chinese art-house director goes for blood – Salon http://t.co/pZuDFHzBw9
AmandaBella0911 Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:02 +0000
RT @dinda_barrista: #mymodelmorning @Art_Pornography @Fotografer_A @sexiolita @AmandaBella0911 @bellacantika21 @ho_moda1 @Dessi_Kurnia13 http://t.co/ZQ7sqkFmOn
SmoovKris Sun, 19 May 2013 01:46:02 +0000
Had a blast at the Happening on the Common. What diversity with art forms this year! I was exhausted. Thanks for keeping me alert!!

Blogs

Kanye West Premieres New Single With PERFORMANCE ART ...
Check out Kanye West's new single, ”New Slaves,” which he projected onto 66 buildings across the world last night HERE!
World Nomads Tunisia: FIAF's Biennial Celebration Highlights The ...
For the fifth edition of the festival, the French Institute Alliance Française (FIAF) is hosting a month-long bevy of multi-media events in New York dedicated to the art, music, dance and theater of the North African state. From the ...
Studying the art of pitch framing by catchers such as Francisco ...
Trying to turn balls into strikes isn't new, but the catchers who do it well may soon be more prized than ever.
The Art of Repetition - NYTimes.com
What I learned about being a writer from composing thank-you notes.

Videos

Facebook

Pedicure Parties By Jamie
Cynthia Xu
Miami Emerging Museum Professionals

www.miamiherald.com
art 's link
An anonymous donor has given $12 million in cash and more than $3 million worth of art to the future Pérez Art Museum Miami.
Rex Rogers
Nicole Haskins
Collar Works


art 's link

Jairo Almeida
Jairo Almeida shared Sony's photo.

art 's image link
Nataša Džankić
Red Remote
Minister L.A.
Minister L.A. shared Karama Sadaka Photography's photo.

art 's image link
Faatymah Kitt Artist
Kyle Reynolds / KRNaturalPhoto
The Munchie Machine!
Ashley Clark Welborn
Ashley Clark Welborn shared Crazy Facts's photo.

art 's image link
Joffre Fleiuss

extra.globo.com
art 's link
A cena aconteceu, com várias testemunhas, no corredor dos estúdios de "Salve Jorge". Uma repórter do "Video show" abordou Rodrigo Lombardi para gravar um...

Batik Clothing – The Inspiration To Look Good For Any Occasions

Batik Clothing – The Inspiration To Look Good For Any Occasions

There are so many types of outfits that may wrap our body to guard it from every unhealthy things and as a way to boost our confidence by having a superb trying appearance. There are so many people who feel unsatisfied with their physique shape, by selecting the best outfit it is going to be in a position to conceal the imperfect physique shape that may decrease our self confidence. Besides the primary function of the outfit, it additionally plays the big perform to construct our characters. There are most people, who have the different styles. It’s one thing unique too for us. We are in a position to specific our fashion through the use of the outfit based mostly on our styles. We’re in a position to select to make use of batik as certainly one of our type items. It’s actually distinctive and it will give the characters for our style. Batik comes with the various types and kinds. It may be very attractive. As we know, batik is normally filled with pattern that may give us the distinctive style. It’s going to look so stylish, particularly if we’re capable of combine and match it.There are so many forms of batik that we are capable of select. One of the common batik that we will choose is as a type of batik clothes or batik dress. These days we will select so many sorts of patterns that we have an interest in. As we all know, batik is originated from Indonesia, and there are so many locations in Indonesia that every place has its personal traits on batik, for instance the batik Cirebon, which comes from Madura, with its personal character by using the colorful pattern that will be completely different from the Batik Jogja that’s dominated by the natural colour like black, brown, white. The pattern of every of the batik will also be different. It is dependent upon the custom, and characters of the region. It can be very interesting. These days, there are quite a bit of kinds of form of the batik. Moreover the pakaian batik, we can also discover the batik shawl, batik bag, batik shoes, and many others. There are also many world designers which are thinking about utilizing batik for his or her master piece and it looks so fashionable and so fashionable. The batik pattern will be the great choice to look so stylish. We do not want to use batik throughout our body. We will use is as an accent or touch to our clothes. We can wear the kaos batik and put on the simple bag and sneakers because the complementary. Make it look bold by getting the statement of the batik as our style. For the casual look and every day actions, we can select batik t-shirt that can still offers the fashionable seems to be however still casual to be worn each day.

Twitter

Teralisme Sun, 19 May 2013 00:21:16 +0000
Today's outfit #me #batik #indonesia #clothes #shoes #instamood #instaphoto #jj http://t.co/1blk1XOAw8
puput_putri4 Sat, 18 May 2013 17:22:50 +0000
Welcome to Bali! @greysonchance can you come to Pekalongan? I give you Batik Clothes you come here! please !
dprastion Sat, 18 May 2013 15:16:22 +0000
I was unconscious i use same batik in motif with mr.danang this morning so fun 😄 #batik #clothes… http://t.co/mApiYygNxP
Me_AswinDP Sat, 18 May 2013 14:19:39 +0000
RT @IsbaSchool: Nadiva wear batik (traditional javanese clothes).. http://t.co/Ghi99GPUsn
IsbaSchool Sat, 18 May 2013 11:31:46 +0000
Kids in Batik.. (Traditional Javanese clothes). http://t.co/3qeiyHp4RK
IsbaSchool Sat, 18 May 2013 11:29:35 +0000
Nadiva wear batik (traditional javanese clothes).. http://t.co/Ghi99GPUsn
just_krizz Sat, 18 May 2013 04:42:50 +0000
#traditonal #costume #clothes #indonesia #java #kebaya with #batik #saroong. So these all im wearing… http://t.co/hiDI8iwEPU
Fayez_suyatman Sat, 18 May 2013 02:25:38 +0000
Batik is amazing clothes !!! :-) #BatikIndonesia
IndonesiaTrends Fri, 17 May 2013 15:42:31 +0000
RT @janneramoz: Indonesian Appreciation Day #me #love #like my #country #indonesia #traditional #clothes #batik… http://t.co/U2yynxW4lh
janneramoz Fri, 17 May 2013 15:40:22 +0000
Indonesian Appreciation Day #me #love #like my #country #indonesia #traditional #clothes #batik… http://t.co/U2yynxW4lh
yudithanindya Fri, 17 May 2013 15:32:21 +0000
pekan swadesi #potrait #self #me #batik #printed #kutubaru #heels #swadesi #indonesia #clothes… http://t.co/DpjoplDLii
liephe_chuu Fri, 17 May 2013 11:19:18 +0000
can u find me dad? :p #brothers #sisters #dad #family #batik #indonesia #culture #clothes #proud… http://t.co/Y9Oglzo7I4
NenuxAror Thu, 16 May 2013 22:40:30 +0000
Now, I wearing BATIK clothes ☀ @tiniiz http://t.co/O0ehEdH6gq
Kha_d Thu, 16 May 2013 11:54:55 +0000
@19SCazorla santiago, I want give you a Batik, original clothes from Indonesia when you visit Jakarta, hope can meet you & give you >.<
redvakaurvaki Thu, 16 May 2013 11:04:13 +0000
#Batik, Exotic Traditional Clothes from Indonesia http://t.co/zy71pP3r0a

Blogs

indonesian-stuff.com » Indonesian Batik cloth
Through the merger of the painting with the art of decorating style clothing, batik art emerged as we know it today. The Indonesian nation that is culturally rich has led to the birth of various shades and types of traditional batik ...
93 Years Exist, Batik Keris Release Collection Nusa Puspa | The ...
Batik silk terllihat more luxurious with the addition of sequins applications. Start from the motive truntum mullet blouse, asymmetrical dress up a fitted skirt. In addition to silk and batik, there were also clothes of woven fabric.
#Fashion #Design #Style: Batik Clothes
Batik chic, combine with modern style. Red mini dress, modern pattern, and accessories can make a batik clothes seen modern. This simple batik mini dress combine with black transparent fabric with one sleeve. Batik Long ...
modern batik dress for your fashion style - original batik
Modern batik dress for your unique fashion now ready at our clothing online store. Our modern batik clothes collection are made from traditional batik fabric.

Videos

Facebook

Babajide Adesanmi

www.tradestable.com.ng
Batik+Clothes 's link
this is batik cloth and bead bag,we sell and train people
Mignon R. Moore
Loeng Chhunly


Batik+Clothes 's link
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"Textile history" redirects here. For the academic journal, see Textile History.Ladies making silk, early 12th century painting by Emperor Huizong of Song (a remake of an 8th century original by artist Zhang Xuan), illustrates silk fabric manufacture in China. The wearing of clothing is exclusively a human characteristic and is a feature of most human societies. It is not known when humans began wearing clothes. Anthropologistsbelieve that animal skins and vegetation were adapted into coverings as protection from cold, heat and rain, especially as humans migrated to new climates; alternatively, covering may have been invented first for other purposes, such as magic, decoration, cult, or prestige, and later found to be practical as well. Clothing and textiles have been important in human history and reflects the materialsavailable to a civilization as well as the technologies that it has mastered. The socialsignificance of the finished product reflects their culture. Textiles, defined as felt or spun fibers made into yarn and subsequently netted, looped,knit or woven to make fabrics, appeared in the Middle East during the late stone age.[1]From ancient times to the present day, methods of textile production have continually evolved, and the choices of textiles available have influenced how people carried their possessions, clothed themselves, and decorated their surroundings.[2] Sources available for the study of the history of clothing and textiles include material remains discovered via archaeology; representation of textiles and their manufacture in art; and documents concerning the manufacture, acquisition, use, and trade of fabrics, tools, and finished garments. Scholarship of textile history, especially its earlier stages, is part of material culture studies.Contents  [hide] 1 Prehistoric development1.1 Early adoption of fibrous apparel1.2 Initial manufacture of clothes2 Ancient textiles and clothing2.1 Ancient Near East2.2 Ancient India2.3 Ancient Egypt2.4 Ancient China2.5 Ancient Japan2.6 The textile trade in the ancient world2.7 Classical antiquity2.8 Iron age Europe3 Medieval clothing and textiles3.1 Byzantium3.2 Early medieval Europe3.3 High middle ages and the rise of fashion4 Renaissance and early modern period4.1 Renaissance Europe4.2 Early Modern Europe5 Enlightenment and the Colonial period6 Industrial revolution7 Contemporary technology8 See also9 External links10 References11 Bibliography12 Further readingPrehistoric development [edit] Modern humans are the only survivors of several species of naked apes who may have worn clothes, according to DNA studies ofclothing lice.[3] This study suggests that clothing may possibly have been used 650 thousand years ago – much longer than previously thought. First fabric uses, likely to be felt, are thought to have been used about 100,000 years ago. Early adoption of fibrous apparel [edit] Another genetic analysis suggests that the human body louse, which lives in clothing, may only have diverged from the head lousesome 107 thousand years ago, which supports evidence that humans began wearing clothing at around this time.[4] These estimates pre-date the first known human exodus from Africa, although species of Homo (other than Homo Sapiens) who may have worn clothes - and shared these louse infestations - appear to have migrated earlier.Initial manufacture of clothes [edit] The development of textile and clothing manufacture in prehistory has been the subject of a number of scholarly studies since the late 20th century.[5][6] These sources have helped to provide a coherent history of these prehistoric developments. Evidence suggests that human beings may have begun wearing clothing as far back as 100,000 to 500,000 years ago.[7] Possible sewing needles have been dated to around 40,000 years ago.[8] The earliest definite examples of needles originate from theSolutrean culture, which existed in France from 19,000 BC to 15,000 BC. The earliest dyed flax fibers have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia and date back to 36,000 BP.[9][10] The earliest evidence of weaving comes from impressions of textiles and basketry and nets on little pieces of hard clay, dating from 27,000 years ago and found in Dolni Vestonice in the Czech Republic. At a slightly later date (25,000 years) the Venus figurines were depicted with clothing.[11] Those from western Europe were adorned with basket hats or caps, belts worn at the waist, and a strap of cloth that wrapped around the body right above the breast. Eastern European figurines wore belts, hung low on the hips and sometimes string skirts.[6] Archaeologists have discovered artifacts from the same period that appear to have been used in the textile arts: (5000 BC) net gauges,spindle needles and weaving sticks.[12]Ancient textiles and clothing [edit] The first actual textile, as opposed to skins sewn together, was probably felt. Surviving examples of Nålebinding, another early textile method, date from 6500 BC. Our knowledge of ancient textiles and clothing has expanded in the recent past thanks to modern technological developments.[13] Our knowledge of cultures varies greatly with the climatic conditions to which archeological deposits are exposed; the Middle East and the arid fringes of China have provided many very early samples in good condition, but the early development of textiles in the Indian subcontinent, sub-Saharan Africa and other moist parts of the world remains unclear. In northernEurasia peat bogs can also preserve textiles very well. Early woven clothing was often made of full loom widths draped, tied, or pinned in place.Ancient Near East [edit] The earliest known woven textiles of the Near East may be fabrics used to wrap the dead, excavated at a Neolithic site at Çatalhöyükin Anatolia, carbonized in a fire and radiocarbon dated to c. 6000 BC.[14] Evidence exists of flax cultivation from c. 8000 BC in the Near East, but the breeding of sheep with a wooly fleece rather than hair occurs much later, c. 3000 BC.[14]Ancient India [edit] The inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization used cotton for clothing as early as the 5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC.[15] According to The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition:[16] "Cotton has been spun, woven, and dyed since prehistoric times. It clothed the people of ancient India, Egypt, and China. Hundreds of years before the Christian era cotton textiles were woven in India with matchless skill, and their use spread to the Mediterranean countries. In the 1st cent. Arab traders brought fine Muslin and Calico to Italy and Spain. The Moorsintroduced the cultivation of cotton into Spain in the 9th cent. Fustians and dimities were woven there and in the 14th cent. in Venice and Milan, at first with a linen warp. Little cotton cloth was imported to England before the 15th cent., although small amounts were obtained chiefly for candlewicks. By the 17th cent. the East India Company was bringing rare fabrics from India. Native Americans skillfully spun and wove cotton into fine garments and dyed tapestries. Cotton fabrics found in Peruvian tombs are said to belong to a pre-Inca culture. In color and texture the ancient Peruvian and Mexican textiles resemble those found in Egyptian tombs."Ancient Egypt [edit]Main article: Clothing in the ancient world#Egyptian clothingQueen Nefertari in a sheer, pleated linen garment, Egypt, c. 1298–1235 BCWoven silk textile from tombs atMawangdui, Changsha, Hunan province, China, from the Western Han Dynasty, 2nd century BC Evidence exists for production of linen cloth in Ancient Egypt in the Neolithic period, c. 5500 BC. Cultivation of domesticated wild flax, probably an import from the Levant, is documented as early as c. 6000 BC Other bast fibers including rush, reed, palm, and papyrus were used alone or with linen to make rope and other textiles. Evidence for wool production in Egypt is scanty at this period.[17] Spinning techniques included the drop spindle, hand-to-hand spinning, and rolling on the thigh; yarn was also spliced.[17] A horizontal ground loom was used prior to the New Kingdom, when a vertical two-beam loom was introduced, probably from Asia. Linen bandages were used in the burial custom of mummification, and art depicts Egyptian men wearing linen kilts and women in narrow dresses with various forms of shirts and jackets, often of sheer pleated fabric.[17]Ancient China [edit]Main articles: History of silk and Hanfu The earliest evidence of silk production in China was found at the sites of Yangshao culture in Xia, Shanxi, where a cocoon of bombyx mori, the domesticated silkworm, cut in half by a sharp knife is dated to between 5000 and 3000 BC. Fragments of primitive looms are also seen from the sites of Hemudu culture in Yuyao, Zhejiang, dated to about 4000 BC. Scraps of silk were found in a Liangzhu culture site at Qianshanyang in Huzhou, Zhejiang, dating back to 2700 BC.[18][19] Other fragments have been recovered from royal tombs in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC).[20] Under the Shang Dynasty, Han Chinese clothing or Hanfu consisted of a yi, a narrow-cuffed, knee-length tunic tied with a sash, and a narrow, ankle-length skirt, called shang, worn with abixi, a length of fabric that reached the knees. Clothing of the elite was made of silk in vivid primary colours.Ancient Japan [edit] The earliest evidence of weaving in Japan is associated with the Jōmon period. This culture is defined by pottery decorated with cord patterns. In a shell mound in the Miyagi Prefecture, dating back about 5,500, some cloth fragments were discovered made from bark fibers.[21] Hemp fibers were also discovered in the Torihama shell midden, Fukui Prefecture, dating back to the Jōmon period, suggesting that these plants could also have been used for clothing. Some pottery pattern imprints depict also fine mat designs, proving their weaving techniques. Since bone needles were also found, it is assumed that they wore dresses that were sewn together.[22]The textile trade in the ancient world [edit]Main article: Silk Road The exchange of luxury textiles was predominant on the Silk Road, a series of ancient trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting East and West by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims,monks, soldiers, nomads and urban dwellers from China to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. The trade route was initiated around 114 BC by the Han Dynasty,[23] although earlier trade across the continents had already existed. Geographically, the Silk Road or Silk Route is an interconnected series of ancient trade routes between Chang'an (today's Xi'an) in China, with Asia Minorand the Mediterranean extending over 8,000 km (5,000 mi) on land and sea. Trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor in the development of the great civilizations of China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, the Indian subcontinent, and Rome, and helped to lay the foundations for the modern world.Classical antiquity [edit]Main articles: Clothing in the ancient world, Clothing in ancient Greece, and Clothing in ancient RomeGreek chiton (left) and chiton worn under himation Dress in classical antiquity favored wide, unsewn lengths of fabric, pinned and draped to the body in various ways. Ancient Greek clothing consisted of lengths of wool or linen, generally rectangular and secured at the shoulders with ornamented pins called fibulae and belted with a sash. Typical garments were the peplos, a loose robe worn by women; the chlamys, a cloak worn by men; and thechiton, a tunic worn by both men and women. Men’s chitons hung to the knees, whereas women’s chitons fell to their ankles. A long cloak called a himation was worn over the peplos or chlamys. The toga of ancient Rome was also an unsewn length of wool cloth, worn by male citizens draped around the body in various fashions, over a simple tunic. Early tunics were two simple rectangles joined at the shoulders and sides; later tunics had sewn sleeves. Women wore the draped stola or an ankle-length tunic, with a shawl-like palla as an outer garment. Wool was the preferred fabric, although linen, hemp, and small amounts of expensive imported silk and cotton were also worn.Iron age Europe [edit] The Iron Age is broadly identified as stretching from the end of the Bronze Age around 1200 BC to 500 AD and the beginning of theMedieval period. Bodies and clothing have been found from this period, preserved by the anaerobic and acidic conditions of peat bogs in northwestern Europe. A Danish recreation of clothing found with such bodies indicates woven wool dresses, tunics and skirts.[24] These were largely unshaped and held in place with leather belts and metal brooches or pins. Garments were not always plain, but incorporated decoration with contrasting colours, particularly at the ends and edges of the garment. Men wore breeches, possibly with lower legs wrapped for protection, although Boucher states that long trousers have also been found.[25] Warmth came from woollen shawls and capes of animal skin, probably worn with the fur facing inwards for added comfort. Caps were worn, also made from skins, and there was an emphasis on hair arrangements, from braids to elaborate Suebian knots.[26] Soft laced shoes made from leather protected the foot.Medieval clothing and textiles [edit] The history of Medieval European clothing and textiles has inspired a good deal of scholarly interest in the 21st century. Elisabeth Crowfoot, Frances Pritchard, and Kay Staniland authored Textiles and Clothing: Medieval Finds from Excavations in London, c.1150-c.1450 (Boydell Press, 2001). The topic is also the subject of an annual series Medieval Clothing and Textiles (Boydell Press) edited by Robin Netherton and Professor Gale R. Owen-Crocker of Anglo-Saxon Culture at the University of Manchester.Byzantium [edit]Main articles: Byzantine dress and Byzantine silk The Byzantines made and exported very richly patterned cloth, woven and embroidered for the upper classes, and resist-dyed andprinted for the lower.[27] By Justinian's time the Roman toga had been replaced by the tunica, or long chiton, for both sexes, over which the upper classes wore various other garments, like a dalmatica (dalmatic), a heavier and shorter type of tunica; short and long cloakswere fastened on the right shoulder. Leggings and hose were often worn, but are not prominent in depictions of the wealthy; they were associated with barbarians, whether European or Persian.[28]Early medieval Europe [edit]Edgar I of England in short tunic, hose, and cloak, 966Main articles: Early medieval European dress, Anglo-Saxon dress, and English Medieval fashion European dress changed gradually in the years 400 to 1100. People in many countries dressed differently depending on whether they identified with the old Romanised population, or the new invading populations such as Franks, Anglo-Saxons, and Visigoths. Men of the invading peoples generally wore short tunics, with belts, and visible trousers, hose or leggings. The Romanised populations, and the Church, remained faithful to the longer tunics of Roman formal costume.[29] The elite imported silk cloth from the Byzantine, and later Muslim worlds, and also probably cotton. They also could afford bleached linen and dyed and simply patterned wool woven in Europe itself. But embroidered decoration was probably very widespread, though not usually detectable in art. Lower classes wore local or homespun wool, often undyed, trimmed with bands of decoration, variouslyembroidery, tablet-woven bands, or colorful borders woven into the fabric in the loom.[30][31]High middle ages and the rise of fashion [edit]Main articles: 1100–1200 in fashion, 1200–1300 in fashion, and 1300–1400 in fashion14th century Italian silk damasks Clothing in 12th and 13th century Europe remained very simple for both men and women, and quite uniform across the subcontinent. The traditional combination of short tunic with hose for working-class men and long tunic with overgown for women and upper class men remained the norm. Most clothing, especially outside the wealthier classes, remained little changed from three or four centuries earlier.[32] The 13th century saw great progress in the dyeing and working of wool, which was by far the most important material for outer wear. Linen was increasingly used for clothing that was directly in contact with the skin. Unlike wool, linen could be laundered and bleached in the sun. Cotton, imported raw from Egypt and elsewhere, was used for padding and quilting, and cloths such as buckram and fustian. Crusaders returning from the Levant brought knowledge of its fine textiles, including light silks, to Western Europe. In Northern Europe, silk was an imported and very expensive luxury.[33] The well-off could afford woven brocades from Italy or even further afield. Fashionable Italian silks of this period featured repeating patterns of roundels and animals, deriving from Ottoman silk-weaving centres inBursa, and ultimately from Yuan Dynasty China via the Silk Road.[34] Cultural and costume historians agree that the mid-14th century marks the emergence of recognizable "fashion" in Europe.[35][36] From this century onwards Western fashion changes at a pace quite unknown to other civilizations, whether ancient or contemporary.[37] In most other cultures only major political changes, such as the Muslim conquest of India, produced radical changes in clothing, and in China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire fashion changed only slightly over periods of several centuries.[38] In this period the draped garments and straight seams of previous centuries were replaced by curved seams and the beginnings of tailoring, which allowed clothing to more closely fit the human form, as did the use of lacing and buttons.[39] A fashion for mi-parti orparti-coloured garments made of two contrasting fabrics, one on each side, arose for men in mid-century,[40] and was especially popular at the English court. Sometimes just the hose would be different colours on each leg.Renaissance and early modern period [edit]Renaissance Europe [edit]Bold floral patterned silks, 15th century.Main article: 1400–1500 in fashion Wool remained the most popular fabric for all classes, followed by linen and hemp.[34] Wool fabrics were available in a wide range of qualities, from rough undyed cloth to fine, dense broadcloth with a velvety nap; high-value broadcloth was a backbone of the English economy and was exported throughout Europe.[41] Wool fabrics were dyed in rich colours, notably reds, greens, golds, and blues.[34] Silk-weaving was well established around the Mediterranean by the beginning of the 15th century, and figured silks, often silk velvets with silver-gilt wefts, are increasingly seen in Italian dress and in the dress of the wealthy throughout Europe. Stately floral designs featuring a pomegranate or artichoke motif had reached Europe from China in the previous century and became a dominant design in the Ottoman silk-producing cities of Istanbul and Bursa, and spread to silk weavers in Florence, Genoa, Venice, Valenciaand Seville in this period.[34][42] As prosperity grew in the 15th century, the urban middle classes, including skilled workers, began to wear more complex clothes that followed, at a distance, the fashions set by the elites. National variations in clothing increased over the century.[43]Early Modern Europe [edit]Main articles: 1500–1550 in fashion, 1550–1600 in fashion, 1600–1650 in fashion, and 1650–1700 in fashionSlashing at its height:Henry IV, Duke of Saxony, c. 1514.Spanish fashion with elaborate reticella ruff, 1609 By the first half of the 16th century, the clothing of the Low Countries, German states, and Scandinavia had developed in a different direction than that of England, France, and Italy, although all absorbed the sobering and formal influence of Spanish dress after the mid-1520s.[44] Elaborate slashing was popular, especially in Germany. Black was increasingly worn for the most formal occasions. Bobbin lace arose frompassementerie in the mid-16th century, probably in Flanders.[45] This century also saw the rise of the ruff, which grew from a mere ruffle at the neckline of the shirt or chemise to immense cartwheel shapes. At their most extravagant, ruffs required wire supports and were made of fine Italian reticella, a cutwork linen lace. By the turn of the 17th century, a sharp distinction could be seen between the sober fashions favored by Protestants in England and the Netherlands, which still showed heavy Spanish influence, and the light, revealing fashions of the French and Italian courts. The great flowering of needlelace occurred in this period. Geometric reticella deriving from cutwork was elaborated into true needlelace or punto in aria (called in England "point lace"), which reflected the scrolling floral designs popular for embroidery. Lacemaking centers were established in France to reduce the outflow of cash to Italy.[45][46][47] According to Dr. Wolf D. Fuhrig, "By the second half of the 17th century, Silesia had become an important economic pillar of the Habsburg monarchy, largely on the strength of its textile industry."[48]Enlightenment and the Colonial period [edit]Main articles: 1700–1750 in fashion and 1750–1795 in fashion During the eighteenth century, distinction was made between full dress worn at Court and for formal occasions, and undress or everyday, daytime clothes. As the decades progressed, fewer and fewer occasions called for full dress which had all but disappeared by the end of the century. Full dress followed the styles of the French court, where rich silks and elaborate embroidery reigned. Men continued to wear the coat, waistcoat and breeches for both full dress and undress; these were now sometimes made of the same fabric and trim, signalling the birth of the three-piece suit. Women's silhouettes featured small, domed hoops in the 1730s and early 1740s, which were displaced for formal court wear by side hoops or panniers which later widened to as much as three feet to either side at the court of Marie Antoinette. Fashion reached heights of fantasy and abundant ornamentation, before new enthusiasms for outdoor sports and country pursuits and a long-simmering movement toward simplicity and democratization of dress under the influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the American Revolutionled to an entirely new mode and the triumph of British woollen tailoring following the French Revolution. For women's dresses, Indian cottons, especially printed chintzes, were imported to Europe in large numbers, and towards the end of the period simple white muslin gowns were in fashion.Industrial revolution [edit]This section requires expansion.(December 2007)Main article: Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution During the industrial revolution, fabric production was mechanised with machines powered by waterwheels and steam-engines. Production shifted from small cottage based production to mass production based on assembly line organisation. Clothing production, on the other hand, continued to be made by hand. Sewing machines emerged in the 19th century[49] streamlining clothing production. In the early 20th century workers in the clothing and textile industries became unionised.[50] Later in the 20th century, the industry had expanded to such a degree that such educational institutions as UC Davis established a Division of Textiles and Clothing,[51] The University of Nebraska-Lincoln also created a Department of Textiles, Clothing and Design that offers a Masters of Arts in Textile History,[52] and Iowa State University established a Department of Textiles and Clothing that features a History of costume collection, 1865–1948.[53] Even high school libraries have collections on the history of clothing and textiles.[54] Alongside these developments were changes in the types and style of clothing produced. During the 1960s, had a major influence on subsequent developments in the industry.[55] Textiles were not only made in factories. Before this that they were made in local and national markets. Dramatic change in transportation throughout the nation is one source that encouraged the use of factories. New advances such as steamboats, canals, and railroads lowered shipping costs which caused people to buy cheap goods that were produced in other places instead of more expensive goods that were produced locally. Between 1810 and 1840 the development of a national market prompted manufacturing which tripled the output’s worth. This increase in production created a change in industrial methods, such as the use of factories instead of hand made woven materials that families usually made.[56] The vast majority of the people who worked in the factories were women. Women went to work in textile factories for a number of reasons. Some women left home to live on their own because of crowding at home; or to save for future marriage portions. The work enabled them to see more of the world, to earn something in anticipation of marriage, and to ease the crowding within the home. They also did it to make money for family back home. The money they sent home was to help out with the trouble some of the farmers were having. They also worked in the millhouses because they could gain a sense of independence and growth as a personal goal.[57]Contemporary technology [edit] Synthetic fibers such as nylon were invented during the 20th century and synthetic fibers have been added to many natural fibers.See also [edit]Timeline of clothing and textiles technologyHistory of Western fashionHistory of fashion designHistory of silkHistory of hide materialsExternal links [edit]Textile production in Europe, 1600–1800, at the Metropolitan Museum of ArtSpindle, Loom, and Needle – History of the Textile IndustryAustralian Museum of Clothing And Textiles Inc. – Why have a Museum of Clothing and Textiles?Linking Anthropology and History in Textiles and Clothing Research: The Ethnohistorical Method by Rachel K. Pannabecker – from Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, Vol. 8, No. 3, 14–18 (1990)The drafting history of the Agreement on Textiles and ClothingAmerican Women's History: A Research Guide Clothing and FashionHistorical Clothing/FabricAll Sewn Up: Millinery, Dressmaking, Clothing and CostumeGallery of English Medieval Clothing from 1906 by Dion Clayton CalthropA Short History of Japanese Cotton TextilesReferences [edit]^ Creativity In The Textile Industries: A Story From Pre-History To The 21st century. Textileinstitutebooks.com. Retrieved on 1 January 2012.^ Jenkins, pp. 1–6.^ Reed, David; Light, JE; Allen, JM; Kirchman, JJ (2007). "Pair of lice lost or parasites regained: The evolutionary history of Anthropoid primate lice". BMC biology 5: 7.doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-7. PMC 1828715.PMID 17343749.^ Stoneking, Mark. "Erratum: Molecular Evolution of Pediculus humanus and the Origin of Clothing". Retrieved 24 March 2008.^ Barber, Elizabeth Wayland (1992) Prehistoric Textiles: The Development of Cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with Special Reference to the Aegean, Princeton University PressISBN 0-691-00224-X^ a b Barber, Elizabeth Wayland (1995) Women's Work: The First 20,000 Years: Women, Cloth, and Society in Early Times, W. W. Norton & Company ISBN 0-393-31348-4^ The History of Clothing – How Did Specific Items of Clothing Develop? by Mary Bellis^ Travis, John. "The Naked Truth? Lice hint at a recent origin of clothing". Archived from the original on 4 March 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2007.^ Balter, M. (2009). "Clothes Make the (Hu) Man". Science 325(5946): 1329. doi:10.1126/science.325_1329a.PMID 19745126.^ Kvavadze, E; Bar-Yosef, O; Belfer-Cohen, A; Boaretto, E; Jakeli, N; Matskevich, Z; Meshveliani, T (2009). "30,000-year-old wild flax fibers". Science 325 (5946): 1359.doi:10.1126/science.1175404. PMID 19745144.Supporting Material^ Early History of Textiles & Clothing. Hollings.mmu.ac.uk. Retrieved on 1 January 2012.^ Chang, Gloria. "Stone Age clothing more advanced than thought". Retrieved 15 April 2007.^ Forensic Photography Brings Color Back To Ancient Textiles. Researchnews.osu.edu. Retrieved on 1 January 2012.^ a b Jenkins, pp. 39–47^ Stein, p. 47^ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. cotton.^ a b c Jenkins, pp. 30–39^ Tang, Chi and Miao, Liangyun, "Zhongguo Sichoushi" ("History of Silks in China"). Encyclopedia of China, 1st ed.^ "Textile Exhibition: Introduction". Asian art. Retrieved 2 August 2007.^ (French) Charles Meyer, Des mûriers dans le jardin du mandarin, Historia, no. 648, December 2000.^ Liddell, Jill, The story of the Kimono, E. P. Dutton New Zork, 1989, ISBN 0-525-24574-X^ Zamanaka, Norio, The Book of Kimono, Kodansha International, 1986, ISBN 0-87011-785-8^ Elisseeff, Vadime, The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce, UNESCO Publishing / Berghahn Books, 2001,ISBN 978-92-3-103652-1^ The Tollund Man – Clothes and Fashion. Tollundman.dk. Retrieved on 1 January 2012.^ Boucher, p. 28^ Archaeology Magazine – Bodies of the Bogs – Clothing and Hair Styles. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 1 January 2012.^ Payne et al. (1992)^ Payne et al. (1992) p. 128.^ Piponnier & Mane, pp. 114–115^ Owen-Crocker, Gale R., Dress in Anglo-Saxon England, revised edition, Boydell Press, 2004, ISBN 1-84383-081-7 pp. 309–315^ Østergård, Else, Woven into the Earth: Textiles from Norse Greenland, Aarhus University Press, 2004, ISBN 87-7288-935-7^ Piponnier & Mane, p. 39^ Donald King in Jonathan Alexander & Paul Binski (eds), Age of Chivalry, Art in Plantagenet England, 1200–1400, p. 157, Royal Academy/Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London 1987 ISBN 0-297-79182-6^ a b c d Koslin, Désirée, "Value-Added Stuffs and Shifts in Meaning: An Overview and Case-Study of Medieval Textile Paradigms", in Koslin and Snyder, Encountering Medieval Textiles and Dress, pp. 237–240 ISBN 0-312-29377-1^ Laver, James: The Concise History of Costume and Fashion, Abrams, 1979, p. 62 ISBN 0-684-13522-1^ Braudel, p. 317^ "The birth of fashion", in Boucher, p. 192^ Braudel, pp. 312, 313, 323^ Singman, Jeffrey L. and Will McLean: Daily Life in Chaucer's England, p. 93. Greenwood Press, London, 2005 ISBN 0-313-29375-9^ Black, J. Anderson, and Madge Garland: A History of Fashion, Morrow, 1975, ISBN 0-688-02893-4, p. 122^ Crowfoot, Elizabeth, Frances Prichard and Kay Staniland,Textiles and Clothing c. 1150 -c. 1450, Museum of London, 1992, ISBN 0-11-290445-9^ Length of Velvet, Late 15th century. the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York^ Boucher^ Boucher, pp. 219, 244^ a b Montupet, Janine, and Ghislaine Schoeller: Lace: The Elegant Web, ISBN 0-8109-3553-8^ Berry, Robin L.: "Reticella: a walk through the beginnings of Lace" (2004) (PDF)^ Kliot, Jules and Kaethe: The Needle-Made Lace of Reticella, Lacis Publications, Berkeley, CA, 1994. ISBN 0-916896-57-9.^ Dr. Wolf D. Fuhrig, "German Silesia: Doomed to Extinction,"Heritage: For German-Americans who want to be informed (May 2007): 1.^ Spindel, Loom, and Needle – History of the Textile Industry^ Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union. Womenshistory.about.com (2010-06-19). Retrieved on 1 January 2012.^ UC Davis Department of Textiles and Clothing History^ University of Nebraska-Lincoln Department of Textiles, Clothing and Design M.A. in Textile History. (PDF) . Retrieved on 1 January 2012.^ Iowa State University College of Family and Consumer Sciences. Department of Textiles and Clothing History of costume collection, 1865–1948, n. d.^ Union-Endicott High School Library Clothing and Textiles – Fashion History^ History of 1960s Fashion and Textiles. Vam.ac.uk. Retrieved on 1 January 2012.^ W. J. Rorabaugh (17 September 1981). The Alcoholic Republic: An American Tradition. Oxford University Press. pp. 129–131. ISBN 978-0-19-502990-1. Retrieved 1 January 2012.^ Thomas Dublin (August 1995). Transforming women's work: New England lives in the industrial revolution. Cornell University Press. pp. 82–. ISBN 978-0-8014-8090-4. Retrieved 1 January 2012.Bibliography [edit]Boucher, François. 20,000 years of fashion: The history of costume and personal adornment. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1987ISBN 0-8109-1693-2Jenkins, David, ed.: The Cambridge History of Western Textiles, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-521-34107-8Payne, Blanche; Winakor, Geitel; Farrell-Beck Jane (1992) The History of Costume, from the Ancient Mesopotamia to the Twentieth Century, 2nd Edn, HarperCollins ISBN 0-06-047141-7Piponnier, Françoise, and Perrine Mane; Dress in the Middle Ages; Yale UP; 1997; ISBN 0-300-06906-5Further reading [edit]Ashelford, Jane: The Art of Dress: Clothing and Society 1500–1914, Abrams, 1996. ISBN 0-8109-6317-5Arnold, Janet: Patterns of Fashion: the cut and construction of clothes for men and women 1560–1620, Macmillan 1985. Revised edition 1986. (ISBN 0-89676-083-9)Arnold, Janet: Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd, W S Maney and Son Ltd, Leeds 1988. ISBN 0-901286-20-6Braudel, Fernand, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th centuries, Vol 1: The Structures of Everyday Life, William Collins & Sons, London 1981Darwin, George H., "Development in Dress", Macmillan's magazine, vol. 26, May to Oct. 1872, pages 410–416Favier, Jean, Gold and Spices: The Rise of Commerce in the Middle Ages, London, Holmes and Meier, 1998, ISBN 0-8419-1232-7Gordenker, Emilie E.S.: Van Dyck and the Representation of Dress in Seventeenth-Century Portraiture, Brepols, 2001, ISBN 2-503-50880-4Kõhler, Carl: A History of Costume, Dover Publications reprint, 1963, from 1928 Harrap translation from the German, ISBN 0-486-21030-8Lefébure, Ernest: Embroidery and Lace: Their Manufacture and History from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Day, London, H. Grevel and Co., 1888, ed. by Alan S. Cole, at Online Books , retrieved 14 October 2007Netherton, Robin, and Gale R. Owen-Crocker, editors, Medieval Clothing and Textiles, Volume 1, Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK, and Rochester, NY, the Boydell Press, 2005, ISBN 1-84383-123-6Netherton, Robin, and Gale R. Owen-Crocker, editors, Medieval Clothing and Textiles, Volume 2, Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK, and Rochester, NY, the Boydell Press, 2006, ISBN 1-84383-203-8Netherton, Robin, and Gale R. Owen-Crocker, editors, Medieval Clothing and Textiles, Volume 3, Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK, and Rochester, NY, the Boydell Press 2007, ISBN 978-1-84383-291-1Payne, Blanche: History of Costume from the Ancient Egyptians to the Twentieth Century, Harper & Row, 1965. No ISBN for this edition; ASIN B0006BMNFS[hide]v t eHistorical clothingAncientAncient World Egyptian Biblical Greek RomanMiddle AgesByzantine Early Medieval Europe Anglo-Saxon Han Chinese 12th century 13th century 14th century1400s to 1700s15th century 1500–1550 1550–1600 1600–1650 1650–1700 1700–1750 1750–1775 1775–17951800s1795–1820 1820s Victorian 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s1900s to 2010s1900s 1910s 1920s 1930–1945 1945–1959 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010sBody-lengthBanyan Brunswick Chiton Frock Peplos Stola Toga TunicTopsBedgown Bodice Poet shirtTrousersBraccae Breeches Culottes Jodhpurs KnickerbockersSkirtsBallerina skirt Hobble skirt Poodle skirt Hoop skirt TrainDressesClose-bodied gown Débutante dress Polonaise Sack-back gown Tea gownOuterwearAnorak Caraco Chlamys Cloak Doublet Duster Exomis Frock coat Greatcoat Himation Houppelande Jerkin JustacorpsPalla Redingote Smock-frockUnderwearBustle Chemise Corselet Corset Dickey Farthingale Hose Loincloth Open drawers Peignoir PetticoatHeadwearAviator hat Bonnet Crown Fillet Nightcap Pith helmet SnoodFootwearBuskins Caligae Chopines Crakow Episcopal sandals Hessians Pampooties SabatonsAccessoriesAscot tie Cravat Hairpin Muff Shoe buckleFolk costumeAbaya Aboyne dress African Albanian Áo bà ba Áo dài Áo tứ thân Balgha Batik Baro't saya / Barong Tagalog Bolo tieBoubou Bunad Þjóðbúningurinn Chaps Cheongsam Dashiki Deel Dhoti Dirndl Djellaba Fustanella Gákti Gho / Kira HanfuHanbok Highland dress Izaar Jellabiya Jilbāb Kebaya Keffiyeh Kente cloth Kilt Kimono Lederhosen Mao suit SampotSarafan Sari Sarong Shalwar kameez Sherwani Tangzhuang Thawb Turban Ushanka VietnameseSee alsoTimeline of clothing Clothing terminology Costume Dress code Fashion Formal wear Sumptuary law[hide]v t eTextile artsFundamentalsApplique Beadwork Crochet Dyeing Embroidery Fabric (textiles) Felting Fiber Knitting LaceMacramé Nålebinding Needlework Patchwork Passementerie Plying Quilting Rope Rug makingSewing Stitch Textile printing Weaving YarnHistory of ...Byzantine silk Clothing and textiles Silk Quilting Silk in the Indian subcontinentTextile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods Textiles in the Industrial RevolutionModern Industrial Textile Production Timeline of textile technologyRegional and ethnicAfrican Andean Australian Aboriginal Hmong Indigenous peoples of the Americas Korean MāoriMayan Mexican Navajo OaxacanRelatedBlocking Fiber art Mathematics and fiber arts Manufacturing Preservation RecyclingTextile industry Textile Museums Units of measurement Wearable fiber artReferenceDyeing terms Sewing terms Textile terms[hide]v t ePrehistoric technologyOutline of prehistoric technology History of technologyArchitecturalCeremonial structuresEarliest religious structure Kiva Pyramid TempleDwellingsNeolithic architecture Burdei Cave Cliff dwelling Dugout Great house Hut Jacal Lean-toLonghouse Neolithic long house Pit-house Pueblitos Pueblo Rock shelter RoundhouseStilt house TentWater managementCheck dam Cistern Reservoir Water wellOtherArchaeological features Burnt mound Causewayed enclosure Henge Mead hallMegalithic architectural elements Midden Timber trackwayToolsFarmingNeolithic Revolution Ard / plough Celt Digging stick Domestication Goad Irrigation Sickle TerracingFood processingFire Basket Granaries Grinding slab Ground stone Hearth Manos Metate Mortar and pestle PotteryQuern-stone Storage pitHuntingArrow Atlatl Bow and arrow Dart Projectile point Snare trap SpearToolmakingEarliest toolmaking Biface Cupstone Hafting Hand axe Lithic core Lithic reductionPrepared-core technique Striking platform Tool stoneOther toolsAdze Awl Axe Blade Bone tool Bow drill Burin Chopper Cleaver Denticulate tool Fire ploughFire-saw Hammerstone Hand axe Knife Quern-stone Rope Scraper Stone tool Weapons WheelAncient maritime historyArts and cultureMaterial goodsBasket weaving Beadwork Chalcolithic Clothing Clothing and textiles Hides Pottery WeavingPrehistoric artEarliest art Cairn Cave painting Geoglyph Ideograms List of prehistoric artworks Megalithic art PetroformPetroglyph Petrosomatoglyph Pictogram Rock art Stone circleBurialBurial mounds Chamber tomb Cist Cremation Dolmen Funeral pyre Grave Jar burial Megalithic tombMummy Stone box graveOther culturalBehavioral modernity Evolutionary origin of religions Music archaeology Prehistoric musicCategories: History of clothingHistory of the textile industryTextilesNavigation menuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles
Nebies Cloth
Nebies Cloth shared a photo.

Batik+Clothes 's image link
Zorie Chomais Muntazhar
Zorie Chomais Muntazhar shared Peta batik's photo.

Batik+Clothes 's image link
Kimbum Panjaitan
Aremania Roma
Aremania Roma added 5 photos.

Batik+Clothes 's image link
Ladies Care Product


Batik+Clothes 's link
Cloth pad adalah tuala wanita yang dibuat daripada kain,dicipta untuk menyokong persekitaran alam sekitar yang lebih baik untuk masa hadapan . Seperti nenek moyang kita dahulu yang memakai kain batik,teknik itu kini dimodenkan dan lebih selesa.   Berapa lama satu pad kain boleh bertahan?Satu cloth pad regular dapat bertahan antara 3-5 jam, pada hari-hari haid berat. Namun itu bergantung pada aliran haid individu. Tukar lebih kerap jika perlu untuk mengelakkan kebocoran.   Adakah ianya berbau?Tuala wanita biasa sarat dengan bahan kimia berbahaya dan gel yang melepaskan wap kimia saat basah, cloth pad dibuat sepenuhnya dari kain yang ada ruang udara untuk bernafas. Anda pasti terkejut apabila mengetahui bahawa darah haid anda tidak berbau sama sekali!   Pad kain tak bocor?Pad kain dilengkapi dengan lapisan penghalang air yang “breathable” di bahagian bawah pad untuk mencegah kebocoran. Walaupun tahan air, hambatan air ini akan bocor jika anda tidak menukar pad selama berjam-jam terutama pada hari-hari berat. Oleh kerana itu anda disyorkan untuk menukar kepada pad segar setiap 3 – 6 jam di siang hari haid berat anda, bergantung pada arus individu.   Pad kain tak tebal ke?Pad kain sebenarnya adalah sangat nipis kerana ia hanya mengandungi kain. Berbeza sekali dengan tuala wanita biasa yang padat dengan bahan kimia dan gel, pad kain rasa jauh lebih selesa terutama pada kulit berbanding tuala wanita plastik.   Darah Haid tidak mengumpul bacteria jika menggunakan pad kain?darah haid adalah steril dan tidak kotor. Darah mudah dicuci dari kain. Tuala wanita plastik sebenarnya tidak sihat kerana ia mencipta persekitaran yang lebih panas (dengan menjebak haba dan menghalang aliran udara) dan yang lebih cepat menggalakkan pertumbuhan bakteria yang menyebabkan gatal dan ruam.
Joseph Jesudasan
Joseph Jesudasan shared Amazing Things in the World's photo.

Batik+Clothes 's image link
KIKU BATIC
Suhaila Abii Didi Ubaedillah


Batik+Clothes 's link
A Historical Glimpse on Indonesia The first known hominid inhabitant of Indonesia was the so-called "Java Man", or Homo erectus, who lived here half a million years ago. Some 60,000 years ago, the ancestors of the present-day Papuans move eastward through these islands, eventually reaching New Guinea and Australia some 30-40,000 years ago. Much later, in about the fourth millennium B.C., they were followed by the ancestors of the modern-day Malays, Javanese and other Malayo-Polynesian groups who now make up the bulk of Indonesia's population. Trade contracts with India, China and the mainland of Southeast Asia brought outside cultural and religious influences to Indonesia. One of the first Indianized empires, known to us now as Sriwijaya, was located on the coast of Sumatra around the strategic straits of Malacca, serving as the hub of a trading network that reached to many parts of the archipelago more than a thousand years ago. On neighboring Java, large kingdoms of the interior of the island erected scores of exquisite of religious monuments, such as Borobudur, the largest Buddhist monument in the world. The last and most powerful of these early Hindu-Javanese kingdoms, the 14th century Majapahit Empire, once controlled and influenced much of what is now known as Indonesia, maintaining contacts with trading outposts as far away as the west coast of Papua New Guinea. Indian Muslim traders began spreading Islam in Indonesia in the eighth and ninth centuries. By the time Marco Polo visited North Sumatra at the end of the 13th century, the first Islamic states were already established there. Soon afterwards, rulers on Java's north coast adopted the new creed and conquered the Hindu-based Majapahit Empire in the Javanese hinterland. The faith gradually spread throughout archipelago, and Indonesia is today the world's largest Islamic nation. Indonesia's abundant spices first brought Portuguese merchants to the key trading port of Malacca in 1511. Prized for their flavor, spices such as cloves, nutmeg and mace were also believed to cure everything from the plague to venereal disease, and were literally worth their weight in gold. The Dutch eventually wrested control of the spice trade from Portuguese, and the tenacious Dutch East India Company (known by initials VOC) established a spice monopoly which lasted well into the 18th century. During the 19th century, the Dutch began sugar and coffee cultivation on Java, which was soon providing three-fourths of the world supply of coffee. By the turn of the 20th century, nationalist stirring, brought about by nearly three centuries of oppressive colonial rule, began to challenge the Dutch presence in Indonesia. A four-year guerilla war led by nationalists against the Dutch on Java after World War II, along with successful diplomatic maneuverings abroad, helped bring about independence. The Republic of Indonesia, officially proclaimed on August 17th, 1945, gained sovereignty four years later. During the first two decades of independence, the republic was dominated by the charismatic figure of Sukarno, one of the early nationalists who had been imprisoned by the Dutch. General (ret.) Soeharto eased Sukarno from power in 1967. Indonesia's economy was sustained throughout the 1970's, almost exclusively by oil export. The Asian financial crisis, which broke out in mid-1997, paralyzed the Indonesian economy with the rupiah losing 80% of its value against the US dollar at the peak of the turmoil. On May 21, 1998, Soeharto resigned after 32 years in power and was replaced by B.J. Habibie following bloody violence and riots. Indonesia held its first democratic election in October 1999, which put Abdurrahman 'Gus Dur' Wahid in the role of president. Then vice president Megawati assumed the presidency in July 2001 after incumbent president Wahid was impeached by a special session of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the country's highest law making body.   Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, also known by his initials SBY, won over voters in Indonesia's first democratic elections  in 2004 and reelected  again in 2009. He leads the country with his image as a man of integrity, a strong communicator and firm leader in times of crisis. Under Suharto, Indonesia  had experienced solid economic growth in tandem with an autocratic political system. Then came the Asian economic crisis which brought a temporary end to high economic growth and perhaps a permanent end to dictatorship. Instead it has moved solidly into the ranks of genuine democracies, defined for the purposes of this essay as nations where the people can and do change their government through peaceful, popular elections. Indonesia has also recovered respectable if not stellar economic growth.   So far, Indonesia has achieved all the democratic stability. Most importantly, Indonesia is socially stable, strongly committed to combating terrorism, militarily calm and is increasingly itself giving voice to democratic values in its own foreign policy, and in its natural leadership of ASEAN policy.   --------------- GEOLOGICAL FACTS   Indonesia is the largest archipelagic state in the world that has 17,508 islands, situated between 6 degrees northern latitude and 11 degrees southern latitude and spreading from 97 degrees to 141 degrees eastern longitude and it is located between two continents – Asia and Australia/Oceania. This strategic position greatly influences the country’s culture, social, politics and economy.   Stretching along 3,977 miles between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, Indonesia has a total area of 1.9 million square miles including the ocean waters. The five large islands of Indonesia are: Sumatera covering 473.606 square km, Java with 132.107 square km, Kalimantan (the third largest island in the world) with an area of 539.460 square km, Sulawesi with 189.216 square km, and Papua with an area of 421.981 square km. The islands of Indonesia were formed in the Miocene age (12 million years BC); Palaeocene age (70 million years BC); Eocene age (30 million years BC); Oligacene age (25 million years BC). As people from Asia started to migrate, it is believed that Indonesia existed since the Pleistocene age (4 million years BC). The islands have a great effect on the change of the Australian and Pacific tectonic plate. The Australian plate changes slowly with an upward movement into the small plates of the Pacific plate that moves southward. Between these lines, the islands of Indonesia are stretched out.   This makes Indonesia as one of the most changing geological area in the world. There are 400 volcanic mountains – which 100 of them are active- that dot the islands of Indonesia.  Every day Indonesia experiences three vibrations, at least one earthquake a day and one volcanic eruption in a year.   DEMOGRAPHY   The population of Indonesia can be divided into two major groups: in the western region most of the people are from the Malay ethnicity while in the eastern region there are the Papuans originating from the Melanesian Islands. Indonesia also recognizes specific ethnic groups that come from a certain province/area and have specific language for example the Javanese from Central or East Java, the Sundanese from West Java or the Batak ethnicity from North Sumatra.   In addition, there are also minority ethnicities derived from Chinese, Indian and Arabic descendents. These people travelled as merchants through trade exchange since the 8th century BC and migrated to Indonesia. Approximately 3% of the population is from Chinese ethnicity, although the exact percentage is not known as the last ethnicity census was held in the 1930s.   Islam is the major religion of 85.2% of the population, designating Indonesia as the largest Moslem country in the world. The remaining population consists of Protestants (8.9%); Catholics (3%); Hindus (1.8%); Buddhists (0.8%) and other religion (0.3%).   Many Indonesians speak their ethnic language as their mother tongue. However, the Indonesian language is the official language and it is taught at all schools and most Indonesians are proficient in using the language for communication.   Indonesian Culture; Arts and Traditions Indonesia is culturally rich. Indonesian  art and culture are intertwined with religion and age-old traditions from the time of early migrants with Western thoughts brought by Portuguese traders and Dutch colonists. The basic principles which guide life include the concepts of mutual assistance or "gotong royong" and consultations or "musyawarah" to arrive at a consensus or "mufakat" Derived from rural life, this system is still very much in use in community life throughout the country. Though the legal system is based on the old Dutch penal code, social life as well as the rites of passage are founded on customary or "adat" law which differs from area to area. "Adat" law has a binding impact on Indonesian life and it may be concluded that this law has been instrumental in maintaining equal rights for women in the community. Religious influences on the community are variously evident from island to island.   Intertwined with religion and age-old traditions from the time of early migrants the art and culture of Indonesia is rich in itself with Western thoughts brought by Portuguese traders and Dutch colonists. The art and culture of Indonesia has been shaped around its hundreds of ethnic groups, each with cultural differences that have shifted over the centuries. Modern-day Indonesian culture is a fusion of cultural aspects from Arabic, Chinese, Malay and European sources. Indonesian art and culture has also been influenced from the ancient trading routes between the Far East and the Middle East leading to many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a multitude of religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Islam.   Language   The official language of Indonesia is 'Indonesian' or 'Bahasa Indonesia'. It's universally taught in schools and is spoken by nearly every Indonesian in business, politics, national media, education and academia. The Indonesians also speak several hundreds of local languages like 'bahasa daerah' as their first language. Javanese is also widely used besides other Papuan or Austronesian languages in a region of just 2.7 million people. Religion: The government of Indonesia officially recognizes only six religions, viz Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Protestantism, Catholicism, and Confucianism. The largest religious group in Indonesia is Islam with almost 86% of Indonesians being Muslims. Indonesia is also the most populous Muslim-majority nation in the world.   Literature    Indonesia has created many internationally famous celebrated authors. There has also been a long tradition, particularly among ethnically Malay populations, of impromptu, interactive, verbal composition of poetry referred to as the 'pantun'. Pramoedya Ananta Toer, a well-known author won the Magsaysay Award and was considered for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Chairil Anwar was also an important figure in the literature world and a member of the Generation 45 group of authors who were active in the Indonesian independence movement.   Music   Home to hundreds of forms of music, it plays an important role in Indonesia's art and culture. Traces of its origin can be made to the islands of Java, Sumatra and Bali. 'Gamelan' is the traditional music from Central- and East Java and Bali. Another very popular style of music is 'Dangdut' which is accompanied with free dance style. This style first came up in the 1970s and is quite useful in political campaigns. Other forms of music include the Keroncong with its roots in Portugal, the soft Sasando music from West Timor and Degung and Angklung from West Java, which is played with bamboo instruments.   Dance The traditional dances depict episodes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata from India. Traditional Javanese and Balinese tinge is also seen in the dance forms of Indonesian art and culture. The highly stylized dances of the courts of Yogyakarta and Surakarta are some of the popular variations. Mythological events of Indonesia are also depicted.   Drama and Theatre The Javanese and Balinese shadow puppet theatre shows 'wayang kulit' displaying several mythological events. A traditional folk theatre, Randai of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra, is performed during ceremonies and festivals. Music, singing, dance, drama and the silat martial art are all incorporated together and are based on the stories of the legend.   Architecture Indonesian culture, especially its architecture has been to a great extent dominated and influenced by the Indian, although European influences have also been particularly strong since the nineteenth century. Traditional buildings in Indonesia are built on stilts with oversized saddle roofs which have been the home of the Batak and the Toraja. The Torajan use the buffalo horns, stacked one above another in front of the house as an indication of status. Scenes from the Ramayana adorn the outer walls in different colors. However, Chinese, Arab, and European architectural influences have also been quite significant in Indonesian architecture.   Cuisine Indonesians distinctive cuisine has been derived from centuries with the influence of the Chinese, European, Middle Eastern and the Indians. The staple food of most Indonesian dishes is rice served with meat and vegetables. Flavors of Vietnamese and Thai food can also be got from the cuisine of Indonesia. Spices, notably chili, and coconut milk are fundamental ingredients in most of the dishes, especially fish and chicken.   Material Art The arts of Indonesia are many, especially Indonesian paintings which are unique works of art. The intricate and expressive Balinese paintings are quite famous and often express natural scenes and themes from the traditional dances. A long-standing tradition of sculpture can also be seen in the art and culture of Indonesia, some dating back to the Bronze and Iron Ages. Examples of sculpture illustrating the story of the life of Buddha can be seen in the temples of the 8th and the 10th century. Indonesia's art and culture is also famous for their unique batik, ikat and songket cloth which is even popular today.   Unlike some countries art forms in Indonesia are not only based on folklore, as many were developed in the courts of former kingdoms such as in Bali, where they are part of religious ceremonies. The famous dance dramas of Java and Bali are derived from Hindu mythology and often feature fragments from the Ramayana and Mahabharata Hindu epics.   Highly stylized in movement and costume, dances and the "wayang" drama are accompanied by a full "gamelan" orchestra comprising xylophones, drums, gongs, and in some cases string instruments and flutes. Bamboo xylophones are used in North Sulawesi and the bamboo "angklung" instruments of West Java are well- known for their unique tinkling notes which can be adapted to any melody. The "Wayang kulit" (leather puppets) of Java is performed with leather puppets held by the puppeteer, who narates the story of one of the famous episodes of the Hindu epics, the Mahabharata or the Ramayana. It is performed against a white screen while a lantern in the background casts the shadows of the characters on the screen, visible from the other side where the spectators are seated. The "Wayang Golek" (wooden puppets) of West Java is based on the same concept. The crafts of Indonesia vary in both medium and art form. As a whole the people are artistic by nature and express themselves on canvas, wood, metals, clay and stone. The batik process of waxing and dyeing originated in Java centuries ago and classic designs have been modified with modern trends in both pattern and technology. There are several centres of Batik in Java, the major ones being Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Pekalongan and Cirebon. Batik is also being produced in some other areas as in Bali where local designs are incorporated. Other provinces produce hand-woven cloths of gold and silver threads, silks or cottons with intricate designs. Painting are numerous all over the country, both traditional and contemporary, woodcarvings for ornamentation and furniture, silverwork and engraving form Yogyakarta and Sumatra, filgree from South Sulawesi and Bali with different styles of clay, sandstone and wood sculptures. These are but a few of the handicrafts found in Indonesia. -----------------------------------   POLITICAL SYSTEM   The political system of Indonesia is a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic. Indonesia is a unitary state with power concentrated in the national government. In the Indonesian government, the powers is vested in the executive, which is exercised by the government, legislative power is vested in both the government and the two People's Representative Councils and the judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.   The Constitutional System   The Indonesian constitution was first written in July and August 1945 at the end of World War II but it was abolished by the Federal Constitution of 1949 and the Provisional Constitution of 1950. Finally on 5th July 1959 the constitution was restored.    Executive Branch   The President of Indonesia is both head of state and head of government and of a multi-party system. He is also the commander-in-chief of the Indonesian armed forces, and responsible for domestic governance, policy-making and foreign affairs. The president and vice president are both selected by the vote of the citizens for a term of five years. Previously prior to 2004 they were elected by the People's Consultative Assembly. Its also the president who heads the United Indonesia Cabinet or the 'Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu' and elects the council of ministers.   Legislative Branch   In the political system of Indonesia the highest representative body at national level is the People's Consultative Assembly or the 'Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat' (MPR). MPR also has the power to impeach the President. It has two lower houses or chambers, viz the People's Representative Council or the 'Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat' (DPR) and the Regional Representatives Council or the 'Dewan Perwakilan Daerah' (DPD). The DPR has 550 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation in multi-member constituencies and the DPD has 168 members. All legislation is passed by the legislative body DPR which also monitors the executive branch. After the 2004 election the MPR became a bicameral parliament, with the DPD as its second chamber in an effort to increase regional representation.   Judicial Branch The highest level of judicial branch in Indonesia is the Supreme Court or the 'Mahkamah Agung'. The president appoints the judges of the Supreme Court. Besides Indonesia has a different court for different matters. All civil disputes appear first before a State Court before being heard in the High Court. There's the Commercial Court to handle bankruptcy and insolvency; a State Administrative Court to hear administrative law cases against the government; a Constitutional Court to hear disputes concerning legality of law products, dissolution of political parties, general elections and the scope of authority of a state institution; and a Religious Court to deal with specific religious cases.   The Political Party The main political parties of Indonesia are  the Democratic Party (PD ) the Functional Groups Party (Golkar), Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle (PDIP), and Prosperous Justice Party (PKS).   Administrative Divisions Indonesia consists of 33 provinces, 4 of which have special status) including a special capital region. Each of these provinces has its own political legislature and is headed by a governor.   Modern Political Culture   the major components of Indonesia's modern political culture were derived from two central goals of the New Order government: stability and development. If authority in the Suharto era was based on ABRI's coercive support, the government's legitimacy rested on its success in achieving sociopolitical stability and economic development. Indonesian political culture in the early 1990s primarily reflected nontraditional, nonethnic, and secular values. Urban centered, truly national in its scope, and more materialistically focused, Indonesia's politics in the 1990s were influenced by both domestic and international developments. Like Islam, Indonesia's modern political culture was not monolithic. In the early 1990s, there was a variety of subcultures: bureaucratic, military, intellectual, commercial, literary, and artistic, each with its own criteria for judging politics, but all directed to the successful operation of the modern political system. Perhaps the two most important modern subcultures were the military and the intellectuals. It was the military subculture that set the tone for the first two decades of the Suharto government, both in terms of its ethos and in the direct participation of military officers at all levels of government and administration. Although increasingly professional in a technical sense, ABRI never lost its conception of itself as the embodiment of the national spirit, standing above the social, ethnic, and religious divisions of the country as a unifying institution. The concerns of academics, writers, and other intellectuals in the early 1990s were different and they were more likely to be influenced by Western political values. It was from these circles that the pressure for democratization came. Their outlet was not political parties but cause-oriented nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), workshops, seminars, rallies, and, occasionally, demonstrations. The government undertook a major effort to subsume all of Indonesia's political cultures, with their different and often incompatible criteria for legitimacy, into a national political culture, an Indonesian culture based on the values set forth in the Pancasila.   ECONOMY Indonesia has achieved remarkable economic development success over decade and until the first half of 1990s was among the best performing East Asian economies, having growth rate of 7.1% between 1985 and 1995. In the face of financial crisis in the mid of 1997, the Indonesian economic growth moved very low, even reached minus 13.13 % in 1998. Purchasing power parity of Indonesian people set back by ten years and its per capita income decreased to US$ 467 in 1998, while a condition before crisis (1996) stood at US$ 1,141. A huge depreciation Rupiah against US dollar furthermore has also brought some difficulties to Indonesian economy, such as the increasing of burden of debt payment in foreign currency and the interest rate as well as the escalation of cost of production due to the higher prices of imported goods for production process. In order to overcome the economy problems, the Indonesian government has taken the economic recovery program which has brought some positive result and development. Several years after its program, Indonesian economic indicators demonstrated a positive result as reflected in economic growth (GDP) which was rose 4.7% annually during 2001 – 2005 and GDP per capita increased 17% annually during the same period or increased from US$ 675 in 2001 to  1,267 in 2005.   Meanwhile, an inflation rate could be maintained in moderate level and stood at 8.42% annually during 2001 – 2004, even it stood at 5.06% in 2003. Nevertheless, due to a significant rise of petroleum price in 2005, Indonesia could not continue its momentum and the inflation rate reached 17.11%. In 2006, however, the government would strive to keep inflation rate in moderate level at  7 – 8 %.      On the fiscal front, with revenues expanding more rapidly than expenditures despite a heavy fuel subsidy burden, the Government improved its fiscal performance in 2004. Revenues increased to 20.3% of GDP from 16.4% in 2003, while expenditures came in marginally higher at 21.6%, up from 18.0% in 2003. The deficit was contained at 1.3% of GDP. The Government met its 2004 bond issuance target of Rp 32.3 trillion, including $1 billion in sovereign bonds sold in March. Bond issues were oversubscribed by two to four times, with most buyers from the banking sector and pension funds. Remaining financing needs were met through external sources and privatization. The Agriculture and manufacturing sectors have been the largest contributor to  domestic economic growth. However it grew moderately as compared to  transportation, construction, and trade sector which increased in significant amount. The contribution of manufacturing sector to the GDP appeared declining from 31% in 2001 to 28% in 2005. The contribution of agriculture sector has been declining from 23% in 1989 to a level of 14% in 2005. The Indonesian economy became apparently consumption-driven as its contribution to the GDP keeps on increasing steadily during the last 5 years. In 2000, the government spending was 6.5% of GDP while in 2004, it was around 7.8%.The private sector’s contribution itself has been 9 times of the government spending during the same period. On the contrary, the contribution of export revenues declined from 41% of the GDP in 2000 to a level of 30% in 2004 and Indonesia has abundant natural resources outside Java including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Despite being the second largest exporter of natural gas, Indonesia recently has become a net importer of crude oil. The agriculture products of Indonesia include rice, tea, coffee, spices and rubber.   The major trade partners of Indonesia are Japan, the United States of America and neighboring countries namely Malaysia, Singapore and Australia.   In general, Indonesian economy has moved on the right track. It was also supported by the Government's commitments to bring back macroeconomic stability coupled with higher economic growth, improve investment climate and provide competitive and transparency. It is predicted that economic growth in the next five years could reach its target 6.6% and inflation rate could be maintained in moderate level (7.5%), as well as a stability of exchange rate and balance of budget. Furthermore, instead of economic growth, Indonesia will emphasize more on national growth, which covers economic welfare, national integrity, improvement of competitiveness, peaceful and self-confidence as national identity.   Further Information How to invest in Indonesia Click Here     PROVINCES Indonesia has 33 provinces (including 2 Special Territories of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and Yogyakarta) and one Special Capital Region of Jakarta (DKI). East Timor was once part of Indonesia, but then through a referendum in 1999, East Timor became the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste.
Latitudes Fair Trade Store


Batik+Clothes 's link
A Fair Trade Adventure in Nepal I have always thought of Nepal as a far off land full of temples, shrines, snow capped mountains, and exotic foods and customs. Since opening Latitudes, I have also associated  it with high quality fairly traded handcrafts of every description.  So when the chance to meet the artisans of Nepal presented itself I jumped at it.   On March 5th my daughter Emily and I joined Julie West of The Red Sari and flew out ahead of the big snowstorm for a two week visit with artisan groups in and around Kathmandu. Through Fair Trade Group Nepal, a consortium of 18 Fair Trade Groups, I scheduled tours and meetings with 10 groups.   We purchase products from theses groups through SERRV and Ten Thousand Villages.  We also visited 3 other groups we’d formed buying partnerships with (including Julie’s group), so it turned out to be a very full, tiring and yet productive two weeks. This being our first trip to Asia we experienced completely new sights, sounds, smells, and customs.  The streets of Kathmandu are FULL of motorcycles, bicycles, rickshaws, cows, dogs, goats, people walking, and all manner of noise, incense, and smoke. In an amazing dance of nerves and timing, all these vehicles and people navigate the roads with nary a traffic light in sight. A test of bravery and sanity for all involved! We first visited several temples in our ‘neighborhood‘ which had some of the largest and oldest Hindu temples in the city.  Because eighty percent of the population is Hindu there is a temple on almost every corner.  Their ancient forms and architecture told many stories of worshipers offering food, flowers and lighting candles as part of their daily worship practices. Our first visit the next morning was to Kumbeshwar Technical School (KTS) where the director, Kiran Khadgi, told us the remarkable story of how the organization began in 1983 as the work of a missionary. He reached out to the people of the lowest caste in the society.  They were mostly street sweepers and garbage collectors who were completely illiterate with an average lifespan of only 25 years.  Now, 30 years later KTS provides work and vocational training in carpet weaving, hand knitting, and carpentry to 2,142 people.  In addition, KTS has expanded to include a day care center, primary school, orphanage, and adult literacy classes.  We had the opportunity to tour their facility and to see most of these things in action.  Carpet weaving was the most amazing activity to me.  I gained an appreciation for the hard work and detail that goes into each rug. The wool from Tibet is first dyed by hand in pots of boiling water over open fires then it is painstakingly woven and trimmed. We were so glad to see this hard work being done by adults whose children are in school instead of by the children themselves. KTS is now able to support all its programs through the income generated by the goods it produces.  Latitudes receives their products through SERRV, World Finds, and Ten Thousand Villages.  You can see some of the cute hair ties and cotton knitted vests we bought there in the store and winter we’ll have their cozy knitted slippers and scarves. Our artisan visits continued this way for 7 more days while we saw fabric being woven, batik cards dyed and painted, leather bags constructed, pottery painted, glass blown into ornaments, paper made from cloth, and leather sown into bags. (Photos of some of these follow. ) Everywhere we heard stories of people being treated fairly and being able to make a decent living for themselves while their children are able to attend school.  All this happens in the midst of very difficult living situations which include having electricity only about 8 hours a day in 4 hour increments, shortages of petrol which mean gas lines of waits at from 2 to 12 hours long, air that forces many to wear masks, and water that is too polluted to drink.  Even in this difficult environment people are patient and positive rather than complaining.  Ever gracious, they were an inspiration to us. Two of the groups we visited specifically work with victims of leprosy.  We learned that there are about 1000 new cases diagnosed each year in Nepal and 100,000 people considered ‘leprosy affected’.  These groups started by treating leprosy victims who were beggars at the temples.  Because there is a strong social stigma attached to the disease, people with leprosy are sometimes disowned by their families or their whole family becomes ostracized.  Some of the services provide by these two groups (New Sadle and Nepal Leprosy Trust (NLT)) include; schools for children, vocational training, jobs, hospitals, and even housing. The aim for all of this is to help people live independently and with dignity. It was thrilling to see artisans, some without fingers, creating beautiful cards and leather bags.  You can check out the beautiful bags and wallets we purchased at Latitudes from NLT and and the batik cards from New Sadle.  You can also see journals, felted products, beautifully hand painted trays and photo frames from Association for Craft Producers, Mahaguthi and Sana Hastakala (which means small producer groups. Emily and I also had a beautiful 2-day trek in the Himalayas and viewed mountains higher than any we’d ever seen, almost as high as Everest itself.  Our Nepali guide, Kamala, was a constant source of interesting facts and quietly sang tunes in keys that were distinctly Asian. This provided the perfect backdrop for the scenes of bucolic village life we passed along the way; people making grass brooms, washing clothes in streams, cooking over fires, and herding cows and goats. Though we came home with suitcases bulging with new products for the store, the best things we brought home were hearts that long to continue to partner with the people of Nepal.  In spite of all the obstacles to success, there are many groups doing much good there.  You are a part of this force for positive change every time you come into the store and every time you enjoy their fun and functional products from all over the world.  Thank you for supporting fair trade with your purchases and interest in what these groups are doing to help those who most need the economic support. Mark your calendars for June 8th when Damian Jones of Aid Through Trade will be visiting the store to tell us about his experiences in fair trade in Nepal.  His group, which Emily and I visited, (photos below) creates beautifully designed and styled beaded jewelry.  Damian was in the Peace Corps in Kathmandu for 6 years and brings a wealth of information and experience to us.  To see more pictures of our adventure: http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.549166128450335.1073741825.141210355912583&type=3
Aremania Roma
Susie Upstone
Bedjo Batik

batik trusmi batik cirebon

batik trusmi batik cirebon

Batik as we speak, is found not only in the type of paintings but the patterns are also used on clothes as well. From the walls of the living room, conventional Batik has reached the city markets as supermodels all all over the world sashay in sarongs or caftans comprised of the distinctive Batik technique. Unfortunately, a variety of fabrics have cropped up which solely resemble Batik however will not be truly made using the normal techniques. Batik and Tie and Dye also can go hand in hand to create beautiful works of art. This may occasionally not at all times be possible should you make use of the old strategies and techniques. Allow us to have a look into the previous and new strategies of Batik and the way this manner has added so much colour into our lives.

Historical past of Batik
Batik and Tie and Dye are the preferred and attractive types of art. People have proven a major inclination in the direction of this artwork proper from the olden days. Batik has carved a niche for itself in the field of arts and craft. One can easily acknowledge a Batik item because it has established its personal identity. This course of has been used to create various designs and patterns on costume supplies, home furnishings etc., not solely in Indonesia, but throughout the world. This art has thus performed an important part in creating designer garments and decorative items for your homes. Because of this over the years the recognition of Batik and Tie and Dye has increased.

Batik has its origins in Indonesia. This word is derived from the Javanese word “amba” (to jot down) and “titik”(for dot or point). This historical art originated extra precisely within the famous island of Java. The Europeans had been the at the beginning to be taught this art. They took it on from here and introduced it in their very own countries. The Persians and Egyptians have also been known to use colourful materials comprised of Batik later on. The Batik course of and techniques gained prominence when it progressively spread to other countries. Nations like Japan, India, China and Africa have used their own model and interpretations of this art. This resulted in Batik being generally known as a decorative form of art. Lots of experiments have been carried out till date, on this regard.

The Indians first realized the significance of this art type as soon as they visited Indonesia. The development of Batik and Tie and Dye reached its peak in Rajashtan wherein the ladies made items like dress materials (bandhani’s), bed sheets, wall hangings in Batik and tie and dye. Of late though, Batik can also be acknowledged extra as handicraft.

Initially Batik and Tie and Dye were well-liked only as a hobby however in latest times, it has gained a status as an independent profession. A lot of people have turned it right into a lucrative business. Although it's a very outdated artwork kind, Batik has gained impetus only over the previous couple of years. Quite a few faculties and educational institutes are also offering programs in this regard.

Artists are using these methods to translate their very own concepts not only into patterns designed for useful supplies, but in addition as an artwork kind to supply two-dimensional decorative wall hangings and paintings. It's also a craft that's properly throughout the capabilities of the non-specialists.

Outdated Batik Techniques and course of
Batik constitutes the process wherein a line or a patch is drawn with wax on cloth. That is achieved so that the floor is protected against the color. When it's dipped within the dye, the color doesn't penetrate the area that has been waxed. The wax resists the colour due to this fact the surface is divided into dyed and un-dyed areas. This is what makes the pattern. Equally in Tie and Dye process, the sample is achieved, because the dye does not penetrate the tied areas of the cloth. Right here, you substitute the wax with a string to tie the cloth.

Typically instruments like the tjanting (container with a long slender spout) or even a simple brush can be utilized to apply the wax. The colours or dyes used need to be prepared solely in containers made of enamel, metal or plastic. (The properties of the material of the container can have an effect on the dye).

After waxing, the material is dipped in a dye bath. The primary shade is the lightest tone to be used. The outdated process of Batik does not permit the artist to use many colours in a single go. Nevertheless, the modern methods have advanced and have made it simple for the artist, whereby one can use the comb to apply many colours in one go!

Next, the cloth is once more coated with wax on areas that need to retain the primary color. This process continues till the darkest shade is achieved. Always maintain the color scale because the previous Batik course of includes many steps to obtain a particular shade.

After the final dyeing, the fabric is dried and placed between two layers of absorbent papers. The wax needs to be ironed out of the material into the paper. This could reveal the pattern or image that has been completely dyed into the cloth.

In Batik, whether or not you use the old or even the brand new process, the top result's always an thrilling moment as one can never make sure of the proper separation of colors. The characteristic of the Batik course of is the cracks in the design because of the wax. The wax being brittle, cracks and the dye penetrates the waxed area. This ends in the beautiful spider internet design wherever the wax has been applied.

The Batik fabric getting used ought to usually be a pure type of cloth, like pure cotton or pure silk. Any blend within the materials can intervene with the best way the colours look after washing.

Dyes used for Batik
Indigo dyes
Procion dyes
Naphthol salt dyes
Acid dyes
Instant batik dyes

On the spot Batik Course of

The instant batik process saves the artist the tedious strategy of waxing the material and coloring it quite a few times to attain an amalgamation of varied hues. This process entails using dyes and fixers that makes execution of any Batik portray fairly easy to the user. With the moment Batik method, the person can dye the painting or paint it and apply ‘fixers’. The supplies being obtainable only in India, Batik received a novel look though it nonetheless adhered to few rules from the normal form of Batik. When you block the sure areas with wax, all you might want to do is pick up your brush and the colors you require and simply let your creativity flow. This would scale back the time spent in countless dyeing of the fabric and repeated waxing as talked about earlier within the olden strategies of Batik techniques. Once carried out, use the fixers over it and hold it overnight. The following morning you shall have your masterpiece prepared after the cloth is dewaxed.

Instant Tie and Paint Process
Batik and Tie and Dye processes are recognized for the usage of bold loud colors. The age-previous form of Tie and Dye does not allow the application of many colors at a stretch. Cloth must be tied and coloured, washed, untied and dipped in color again for greater than colors. The Prompt Tie and Paint process provides you the freedom to tie the fabric, decide up the comb and paint the varied sections as per your desire. Once the fixer is utilized, it must be left overnight and washed the subsequent day. Untie the fabric to see the magic unfold!

Create your personal Batik Designs (on paper)
Listed below are just a few tricks to attempt your individual Batik creation on paper. Avoid a pre-planned design to initially experience the liberty supplied by this medium.
You'll need -
A candle
Cartridge paper. (Drawing paper)
Black ink
Paintbrush

Method 1
Use the unlit candle to draw on paper. (This is essentially the most convenient and best strategy to receive wax).
Press firmly to make sure the grease is transferred on paper.
Cowl the paper with a wash of ink. Paint the ink into the edges of the paper. Technique 2

Gentle the candle and let the recent wax drip on the paper.
The sample created could be very irregular and spotty.
Wash the ink over it. Technique 3

Maintain the lighted candle near the paper.
Use the candle like a pencil to draw your pattern (begin with a basic flower or star).
The flame should not extinguish.
Float the ink wash over the surface and see your design take a new form. Batik on Garments:
Batik sarongs, tops, scarves, bandannas, dress, wrap-round pants are vastly standard amongst individuals, not solely as seaside wear, but in addition as informal night wear. The colourful material seems nice when accessorized with lengthy beaded necklaces, big earrings and anklets. Prominent designers have integrated even paintings to adorn the clothes for a contemporary look. The truth is, the garment is treated no longer as a piece of material, it's equivalent to any work of a fantastic artist!

It is just as you experiment and notice down your concepts that you will develop as an artist on this medium. The key to a good murals in Batik is patience. This is the one approach you possibly can improve your technique. The sense of design varies from person to person. It may be instilled in some, whereas, few may have to develop it. It is only patience and an urge to interrupt the inventive boundaries that would allow one to enjoy this thrilling, magical and spontaneous medium.

Twitter

PoltakApemindo Fri, 17 May 2013 11:23:07 +0000
Batik Khas Cirebon dan Indramayu Makin Diminati http://t.co/XWonvSWpU7
endaVRL Mon, 13 May 2013 04:16:58 +0000
RT @setkabgoid: Batik dan Rotan Sebagai Ikon Cirebon http://t.co/6RlCZ45qxY
cinidy Mon, 13 May 2013 04:15:56 +0000
RT @setkabgoid: Batik dan Rotan Sebagai Ikon Cirebon http://t.co/6RlCZ45qxY
yazidius Mon, 13 May 2013 02:01:27 +0000
RT @setkabgoid: Batik dan Rotan Sebagai Ikon Cirebon http://t.co/6RlCZ45qxY
setkabgoid Mon, 13 May 2013 02:00:12 +0000
Batik dan Rotan Sebagai Ikon Cirebon http://t.co/6RlCZ45qxY

Blogs

Batik Tulis Cirebon Hijau Motif Dedaunan Rambat - batik mega ...
Batik Tulis Cirebon Hijau Motif Dedaunan Rambat. batik tulis cirebon, motif batik cirebon, kain batik cirebon, motif kain batik cirebon Jenis Batik = Batik Tulis. Motif Batik = Dedaunan rambat. Warna = Hijau, tepi coklat. Bahan = Katun ...
Batik cirebon dengan mega mendung sebagai motifnya | Motif Batik
Cirebon merupakan salah satu daerah sentra penghasil batik diindonesia dan salah satu motif yang terkenal khas cirebon adalah Motif batik mega mendung, motif ini adalah motif yang paling unik karena berbeda dengan ...
Batik Tulis Cirebon Motif Lingkaran | BATIK CIREBON ONLINE ...
Batik Tulis Cirebon Motif Lingkaran. batik tulis, batik tulis cirebon, batik tulis halusan, batik halusan, batik sekar Jenis Batik = Batik Tulis. Motif Batik = lingkaran. Warna = Hijau. Bahan = Katun. Ukuran = 2,15 x 1,15 m. Harga = Rp. 240.000,- ...
Batik Tulis Cirebon Kuning Cerah Motif Rumput ilalang - batik mega ...
Batik Tulis Cirebon Kuning Cerah Motif Rumput ilalang.

Videos

Facebook

Rahmad Dhani
slank

Hello world!

Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start blogging!

Twitter

diy_website Sun, 19 May 2013 01:45:56 +0000
Top story: Why I won't stick myself in a Box - Finding my own Niche | Wedding Blog … http://t.co/SICVG6FZr8, see more http://t.co/YCCDMwggaS
2012_Euro Sun, 19 May 2013 01:44:02 +0000
http://t.co/MEFjocz6Lb
nextronic Sun, 19 May 2013 01:41:40 +0000
Uncategorized Archives | TV Cord Cutters http://t.co/sJrNHNObcU
dailymetalnews Sun, 19 May 2013 01:41:30 +0000
#Tentacle Streaming Recent Album “Ingot Eye” http://t.co/norVAuMgi4 #uncategorized #albumfeatures #boston #checkout
sehatcantik Sun, 19 May 2013 01:41:05 +0000
Yuk Bereksperimen Dengan Motif! - | Klik >> http://t.co/Y7dfHbEib7
Spyparent Sun, 19 May 2013 01:41:05 +0000
Teens Twerking at School http://t.co/LQPDS7qDQj #twerking
AmandaSloan15 Sun, 19 May 2013 01:40:25 +0000
Wanna see more? Twizeet Dat Bitch!!! - http://t.co/Bx1hcfF3aE http://t.co/0MaRZTxCXa
MsQueen_D Sun, 19 May 2013 01:39:40 +0000
RT @freddyo: Toya Wright and Lil’ Wayne Celebrate Daughter Reginae’s Graduation http://t.co/jhLcpgkjDg
ASDLessonsLearn Sun, 19 May 2013 01:39:34 +0000
Q&amp;A: Temple Grandin on the Autistic Brain - TIME http://t.co/lwyuLBhsXM #Uncategorized
poconofoothills Sun, 19 May 2013 01:36:08 +0000
ココナッツフィットネスヒント4 CHEKプラクティショナースコット·ブライアント -... http://t.co/RIqoQDR2D5
sakamotosanyaro Sun, 19 May 2013 01:34:30 +0000
@makinonjun おはまきのんさん(*´ω`*)ノ いやいやー獄長色々つかいでありまっせー! http://t.co/tDfoVxQeOv
shes_qo Sun, 19 May 2013 01:31:38 +0000
@adjianastasyaa @Rib_Ca @Just_teetha RT @sehatcantik: Inilah 3 Hal Yang Perlu Diperhatikan Sebelum Menikah -| Klik >> http://t.co/jW5Ia7q5wU
blacq2 Sun, 19 May 2013 01:27:58 +0000
music: The Home Depot Traditional Gift Card - The Home Depot Traditional Gift Card Premium greeting... http://t.co/qIiM8NOgFL #Uncategorized
2mykash Sun, 19 May 2013 01:27:49 +0000
The Apartment Consultant Ebook - The Apartment Consultant Ebook The - Create A Financial... http://t.co/wFEZBy4vsL #Uncategorized
hairwisenews Sun, 19 May 2013 01:27:01 +0000
DR. DORIN - Female Hairline FUT - 1216 Grafts 9 months - Dr. Dorin performed a single FUT on... http://t.co/88g60dwKXB #Uncategorized

Blogs

How to research local house prices - Independent Blogs
Recent Posts on Uncategorized. Is Rushcliffe the best place for families to live? An open letter to Melanie Phillips · Property values at central Crossrail stations · Authors' Club Best First Novel shortlist unveiled · Is the Foreign ...
Filter by uncategorized in admin panel – Customer Feedback ...
Filter by uncategorized in admin panel. We just imported over 200 articles and assigning them to categories has been a pain. Each time we assign one, the list on the left "resets" and then we have to scroll all the way down to ...
Rob Ford's very bad day - Blog Central, Teitel page, Uncategorized ...
The Mayor of Toronto, baby-snatching eagles and a story in play.
Star reporters discuss Rob Ford crack story - Blog Central ...
Categories: Blog Central, Uncategorized, Web Features. Star reporters discuss Rob Ford crack story. Kevin Donovan and Robyn Doolittle have spent years observing Rob Ford. The Toronto Star… by Manisha Krishnan on ...

Videos

Facebook

Lizabeth Polly

www.jihadwatch.org
Uncategorized 's link
Umar Lee, a convert to Islam from St. Louis, was once enough of an Islamic supremacist to write to a rival: "i could cut your neck with the sword of islam and watch you squeal like a bitch like daniel pearl." In an email exchange with me, he endorsed...
Greg Plaskett

gregplaskett.com
Uncategorized 's link
!0 days down in the Asylum! Feeling good and down 4 lbs. Vertical Plyo is still for me the hardest workout in this home workout program
Sean Ward

www.villageofgreenisland.com
Uncategorized 's link
Street cleaning will begin at 8 am on Monday morning. All vehicles must be moved when your street is announced. Any vehicle that is not moved will be ticketed.
Sean Ward

www.villageofgreenisland.com
Uncategorized 's link
The George Street project should be finishing up this week. There will be no parking at any of the George Street intersections on Monday, May 20th and Tuesday, May 21st between the hours of 6am and 6pm. Please pay attention to flaggers and message boards. See message regarding street sweeping for ot...
Miguel C Martinez

Uncategorized 's video link
¿Fueron drones lo que realmente se estrello contra las torres del World Trade Center el 11 de septiembre de 2001?
Cacamito McGregor
Brian de Castro

www.sportsgrid.com
Uncategorized 's link
Denis Lebedev fought Guillermo Jones in Moscow Friday night. We'll speculate he didn't go out clubbing after the fight. (Note: this is how he used to) Check out the slideshow of his grotesquely large eye inside.
GLEEKA Bakery

www.gleeka.com.au
Uncategorized 's link
GLEEKA Bakery Competition T&C's
Exodus

exodus.in
Uncategorized 's link
Exodus, House of Prayer Opp. My Kingdom, M.G.Road. Phone:0484-2375121; +919388460610 Office Hours: 10:30am - 5:00pm [Tue - Fri]
Sports Wealth Online

www.sportswealthonline.com
Uncategorized 's link
The Richmond Tigers and The Melbourne Demons will have a crack at each other on Sunday afternoon at the home of football The G in what looks on paper to
G3 Golf

www.g3golf.com
Uncategorized 's link
Saturday was a nice day as the Happy Hour Pub held its 1st Annual golf event. Then Sunday there is the 1st Annual Superintendents Revenge. Play the 1st 9 from Red Tees, normal pins. Back 9? Just like riding a roller coaster as you know the loop d loop and corkscrew are a coming but you still w...
Greg Mason

www.g3golf.com
Uncategorized 's link
Saturday was a nice day as the Happy Hour Pub held its 1st Annual golf event. Then Sunday there is the 1st Annual Superintendents Revenge. Play the 1st 9 from Red Tees, normal pins. Back 9? Just like riding a roller coaster as you know the loop d loop and corkscrew are a coming but you still w...
The Bahamas Caribbean Cruise Line Scam
B0ring
Jeso Carneiro

www.jesocarneiro.com.br
Uncategorized 's link
A BR-163 é a que liga Santarém (PA) a Cuiabá (MT). O asfaltamento da rodovia deve ser concluído até o final deste ano.